\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{ivoa}
\input tthdefs

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs, tabulary}  % for nicer tables
\usepackage[titletoc,toc,title]{appendix}

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\ivoagroup{DM}

\author{Mathieu Servillat}
\author{Kristin Riebe}
\author{Catherine Boisson}
\author{François Bonnarel}
\author{Anastasia Galkin}
\author{Mireille Louys}
\author{Markus Nullmeier}
\author{Nicolas Renault-Tinacci}
\author{Michèle Sanguillon}
\author{Ole Streicher}
%\author{and the IVOA Data Model Working Group}
 
\editor{Mathieu Servillat}
%\editor{Kristin Riebe}

% \previousversion[????URL????]{????Funny Label????}
\previousversion[http://www.ivoa.net/documents/ProvenanceDM/20190719/]{PR-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20190719.pdf}
\previousversion[http://www.ivoa.net/documents/ProvenanceDM/20181015/]{PR-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20181015.pdf}
\previousversion[http://wiki.ivoa.net/internal/IVOA/ObservationProvenanceDataModel/WD-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20180530.pdf]{WD-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20180530.pdf}
\previousversion[http://www.ivoa.net/documents/ProvenanceDM/20170921/]{WD-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20170921.pdf}
\previousversion[http://www.ivoa.net/documents/ProvenanceDM/20161121/]{WD-ProvenanceDM-1.0-20161121.pdf}
\previousversion[http://volute.g-vo.org/svn/trunk/projects/dm/provenance/description/ProvDM-0.2-20160428.pdf]{ProvDM-0.2-20160428.pdf}
\previousversion[http://volute.g-vo.org/svn/trunk/projects/dm/provenance/description/ProvDM-0.1-20141008.pdf]{ProvDM-0.1-20141008.pdf}

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\begin{document}

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\title{IVOA Provenance Data Model}


\begin{abstract}
This document describes how provenance information can be modeled, stored and exchanged within the astronomical community in a standardized way.
We follow the definition of provenance as proposed by the W3C\footnote{\url{https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/}}, i.e.~that ``provenance is information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness.''
Such provenance information in astronomy is important to enable any scientist to trace back the origin of a dataset (e.g. an image, spectrum, catalog or single points in a spectral energy distribution diagram or a light curve), a document (e.g. an article, a technical note) or a device (e.g. a camera, a telescope), learn about the people and organizations involved in a project and assess the reliability, quality as well as the usefulness of the dataset, document or device for her own scientific work.
\end{abstract}

\section*{Acknowledgments}

The Provenance Working Group acknowledges support from the Astronomy ESFRI and Research Infrastructure Cluster – ASTERICS project\footnote{\url{http://www.asterics2020.eu/}}, funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme (GA 653477). This document has been developed in part with support from the German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory, funded by BMBF Bewilligungsnummer 05A14BAD and 05A08VHA. Additional funding was provided by the INSU (Action Spécifique Observatoire Virtuel, ASOV), the Action Fédératrice CTA at the Observatoire de Paris, the Paris Astronomical Data Centre (PADC), and the E-Info-Astro project (BMBF 05AI7BA2).

We particularly thank Kristin Riebe for her role as initial editor of the document with Mathieu Servillat. We also warmly thanks the DM and TCG chairs Mark Cresitello-Dittmar, Laurent Michel and Janet Evans.

Thanks to: Karl Kosak, Johan Bregeon, Julien Lefaucheur and Jose Enrique Ruiz for the binding to the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project, Gerard Lemson, Laurent Michel for the VO-DML expression of the data model, Markus Demleitner, Harry Enke, Florian Rothmaier, Jochen Klar and Adrian Partl, for fruitful discussions, remarks and comments at different stages during the preparation of this specification.

We thank the participants of the Provenance Week 2018 in London, in particular Michael Johnson for joining one of our meetings.

We thank the participants of the ASTERICS european project meetings (2015-2019), among which publishers and astronomy facility teams, that provided useful inputs during ASTERICS events.


\section*{Conformance-related definitions}

The words ``MUST'', ``SHALL'', ``SHOULD'', ``MAY'', ``RECOMMENDED'', and
``OPTIONAL'' (in upper or lower case) used in this document are to be
interpreted as described in IETF standard, \citet{std:RFC2119}.

The \emph{Virtual Observatory (VO)} is
a general term for a collection of federated resources that can be used
to conduct astronomical research, education, and outreach.
The \href{http://www.ivoa.net}{International
Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA)} is a global
collaboration of separately funded projects to develop standards and
infrastructure that enable VO applications.

\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{intro-general}
\input{intro-requirements}
\input{intro-VOarchitecture}
\input{intro-previousefforts}

\clearpage
\section{The IVOA Provenance data model}
\label{sec:datamodel}
\input{datamodel-description}


\clearpage
\section{Full class diagram}
\label{sec:fulldiagram}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\hspace*{-.13\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{PROV_Fig8.png}
\caption[Full class diagram of the IVOA Provenance Data Model]{Full class diagram of the IVOA Provenance Data Model.}
\label{fig:fulldiagram}
\end{figure}


\begin{appendices}

\clearpage

\section{Changes from Previous Versions}
\label{sec:changes}
\input{changes}

% Appendix for UML diagram conventions
\input{modeling_conventions}

% Appendix for IVOA Base types
\input{ivoa_types}

\end{appendices}

\listoffigures

\listoftables

\bibliography{ivoatex/ivoabib,ivoatex/docrepo,prov-refs}

\end{document}
